Since the birth of the internet, we have experienced a tremendous transformation from static information display to dynamic interaction. The era of Web 2.0, which is the current internet environment we are in, is characterized by interactivity and user-generated content. Social media, blogs, and Wikipedia are typical products of Web 2.0, transforming users from mere information receivers into creators and disseminators of content. Web 3.0 represents a new paradigm of the internet, built on decentralization, cryptography, and blockchain technology, aiming to create a more open, fair, and user-controlled internet.
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Core Architecture and Data Ownership
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The architecture of Web 2.0 is highly centralized. Data and applications primarily run on servers owned and controlled by a few tech giants (such as Google, Meta, Amazon). The data generated by users on these platforms, such as social dynamics, photos, personal information, etc., is actually owned and controlled by the platform. The platform can analyze this data, push advertisements, and even, in some cases, censor or delete user content.
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Web 3.0 advocates for a decentralized architecture. It utilizes distributed ledger technologies like blockchain to return control of data and applications from centralized entities back to users. In the world of Web 3.0, users can truly own and control their digital identity, data, and assets through cryptocurrency wallets and private keys. Information is no longer stored on a single server but distributed across numerous nodes in the network, making it difficult to tamper with or delete data unilaterally.
Interaction Methods and User Identity
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In Web 2.0, users' digital identities are fragmented and dependent on platforms. You need to register separate accounts and passwords for each website or application, such as a WeChat account, a Taobao account, and a Google account. These identities are managed by the platform, which has the authority to suspend or cancel your account, meaning your digital identity is not fully under your control.
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Web 3.0 introduces a unified and autonomous digital identity system. Users typically use a cryptocurrency wallet address as their unique identity identifier in the decentralized network. This wallet address can be used universally to log into all supported decentralized applications (DApps) without the need for repeated registration. This identity is self-hosted, meaning as long as users safeguard their private keys, no one can deprive them of their digital identity.
Value Creation and Distribution Mechanism
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The business model of Web 2.0 primarily revolves around the "attention economy" and advertising. Platforms attract massive users by providing free services and then package and sell users' attention to advertisers, thus generating huge profits. Although content creators contribute the vast majority of the value, they typically receive only a tiny fraction of the revenue allocated by the platform, leading to highly unequal value distribution.
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Web 3.0 constructs a model of "ownership economy." With the help of smart contracts and token economics, value can flow directly between participants in the network, bypassing the cuts taken by intermediary platforms. Creators can directly monetize their works by issuing NFTs (non-fungible tokens), and users can earn token rewards by participating in network governance and providing liquidity. This allows value creators and contributors to share the benefits of network development more equitably.
Technical Foundations and Underlying Logic
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The technology stack of Web 2.0 is primarily based on the client-server model, with front-end technologies like AJAX, JavaScript, and HTML5 responsible for dynamic interaction, while the back end is supported by centralized databases (like MySQL) and server clusters. The operational logic of the entire system is written and controlled by service providers, making it opaque to users.
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The technical foundation of Web 3.0 is blockchain, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, and smart contracts. The back-end logic of applications is written as smart contracts deployed on the blockchain. The code of these contracts is publicly transparent, automatically executed once deployed, and cannot be tampered with. This means that the rules are pre-set and publicly visible, and the operation of the network does not rely on the trust of any single entity.
This is the detailed content that explains the differences between Web 2.0 and Web 3.0.